Nursing: Ph.D & Research

Vancouver is a numbered referencing style commonly used in medicine and science, and consists of:

• References are listed in numerical order, and in the same order in which they are cited in text. The reference list appears at the end of the paper.
• Begin your reference list on a new page and title it 'References'.
• The reference list should include all and only those references you have cited in the text. (However, do not include unpublished items such as correspondence.)
• Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
• Abbreviate journal titles in the style used in the NLM Catalog. [ This is different from APA style that uses Full Journal Name]
• Check the reference details against the actual source - you are indicating that you have read a source when you cite it.
• Be consistent with your referencing style across the document.

This page is modeled on Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (2nd edition). 

References

1. O'Campo P, Dunn JR, editors. Rethinking social epidemiology: towards a science of change. Dordrecht: Springer; 2012. 348 p.
2. Schiraldi GR. Post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: a guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Internet]. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000 [cited 2006 Nov 6]. 446 p. Available from: http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/getbook.php?isbn=0071393722&template=#toc DOI: 10.1036/0737302658
3. Halpen-Felsher BL, Morrell HE. Preventing and reducing tobacco use. In: Berlan ED, Bravender T, editors. Adolescent medicine today: a guide to caring for the adolescent patient [Internet]. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.; 2012 [cited 2012 Nov 3]. Chapter 18. Available from: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/​10.1142/9789814324496_0018
4. Stockhausen L, Turale S. An explorative study of Australian nursing scholars and contemporary scholarship. J Nurs Scholarsh [Internet]. 2011 Mar [cited 2013 Feb 19];43(1):89-96. Available from: http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au/docview/858241255?accountid=12528
5. Kanneganti P, Harris JD, Brophy RH, Carey JL, Lattermann C, Flanigan DC. The effect of smoking on ligament and cartilage surgery in the knee: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2012 Dec [cited 2013 Feb 19];40(12):2872-8. Available from: http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/12/2872 DOI: 10.1177/0363546512458223​

All materials cited from http://guides.lib.monash.edu/citing-referencing/vancouver

• Insert an in-text citation when your work has been influenced by someone else's work, for example:
  • When you paraphrase someone else's work.
  • When you directly quote someone else's work.

• General rules of in-text citation:
  • A number is allocated to a source in the order in which it is cited in the text. If the source is referred to again, the same number is used.
  • Use Arabic numerals (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9).
  • Either square [ ] or curved brackets ( ) can be used as long as it is consistent. Please check with your faculty/lecturer to see if they have a preference. For consistency in this guide we have chosen to use round brackets for our examples.
  • Superscripts can also be used rather than brackets eg. ...was discovered. 1,3
  • Reference numbers should be inserted to the left or inside of colons and semi-colons.
  • Reference numbers are generally placed outside or after full stops and commas - however, check with your faculty/journal publisher to determine their preference. For consistency in this guide we are placing reference numbers after full stops.
  • Whatever format is chosen, it is important that the punctuation is consistently applied to the whole document.

The way you cite information can be important depending on the emphasis you wish to apply:

If you wish to quote or paraphrase an author, and want to emphasise the author, then your citation becomes 'author prominent'. The citation will look something like this:

• ... in his research, Jones (2) asserts....

If you wish to emphasise the information you have paraphrased or quoted from an author, then your citation becomes 'information prominent'. The citation will look something like this:

• ... as evidenced from a recent Australian study.(1)

Multiple works by the same author:

Each individual work by the same author, even if it is published in the same year, has its own reference number.

Citing secondary sources:

A secondary source, or indirect citation, occurs when the ideas on one author are published in another author's work, and you have not accessed or read the original piece of work. Cite the author of the work you have read and also include this source in your reference list.

• ...to highlight the issue Taylor (10) discusses Bridge's research work....

All materials cited from http://guides.lib.monash.edu/citing-referencing/vancouver.